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Understand how software really works.

Go into your next system design interview, or your next design review, knowing why, not just what. Each lesson is an animated video, a written deep dive with code that runs, and a quick quiz, starting with AI Engineering and System Design.

latest lesson

AI EngineeringBeginner 7:40 video

AI Agent Guardrails: Limits That Keep an Agent Safe

§ 01

The syllabus

Each domain is split into modules, from fundamentals to the internals senior engineers know. Pick one and go deep.

  1. AI Engineering

    8 of 9 published

    Build real applications with LLMs, agents and tools.

    • LLM Application Evaluation
    • Loop Engineering
    • AI Models
  2. System Design

    3 of 3 published

    Design systems that are fast, scalable and reliable.

    • Introduction
  3. More on the way

    Languages, frameworks and more, taught the same way.

§ 02

Watch it. Read it. Prove it.

Every lesson gives you three ways into the same idea, because understanding sticks when you see it, read it and use it.

  1. 01 · Watch

    A short animated explainer, narrated, with Vora as your guide: diagrams move, data flows, code runs.

  2. 02 · Read

    A polite prompt is not a guardrail

    This is the third lesson in Loop Engineering, after the agent loop and tool calling, but it stands on its own. You need one idea: an agent is a model that can call tools, like looking up an order or sending a refund, in a loop until the job is done.

    A written deep dive at your own pace, with code that has been run before it was published.

  3. 03 · Practice

    Bob's prompt says never refund over £30, yet a test message gets a £180 refund. What fixes it?

    A short quiz that explains every answer, right or wrong.

See the whole lesson: AI Agent Guardrails: Limits That Keep an Agent Safe

§ 03

Latest lessons

New lessons are added as they pass review.

  • 7:40

    AI Engineering Beginner 6 min read

    AI Agent Guardrails: Limits That Keep an Agent Safe

    Asking the model nicely in the prompt is not a guardrail. A guardrail is a check your code runs around the model, and it can say no whatever the message says.

    Oct 25, 2026

  • 7:29

    AI Engineering Beginner 6 min read

    The Agent Loop: How an LLM Plans, Acts and Knows When to Stop

    An agent is a model inside a loop: it reads the goal and the history, picks the next tool, sees the result, and repeats. Loop engineering is designing that loop on purpose, including how it stops.

    Oct 24, 2026

  • 7:04

    AI Engineering Beginner 6 min read

    Tool Calling: How an Agent Picks and Uses a Tool

    The model never runs a tool. It writes a call, a tool name plus arguments, and your code checks it, runs it and hands back the result. Here is one round trip, start to finish, at a small cinema.

    Oct 24, 2026

  • 8:02

    AI Engineering Intermediate 7 min read

    Jev Explained: A Decision Model vs an LLM

    An LLM writes an answer word by word. A decision model like Jev picks one answer from your list and says how sure it is, so software can act on every event. Here's how, and what's still unproven.

    Oct 24, 2026

  • 7:12

    AI Engineering Beginner 6 min read

    LLM Eval Methods: Code Checks, Human Review and LLM-as-Judge

    An eval method is the procedure that turns one output into a verdict. See code, a judge model and a person each judge the same five customer emails, and learn when each one is the right tool.

    Oct 23, 2026

  • 6:55

    System Design Intermediate 5 min read

    Back-of-the-Envelope Estimation for System Design

    A few lines of rough maths tell you how big a problem is before you design for it. Follow an exam results website from 21 requests a second to 1,500 at 8:00 am, and see what each number decides.

    Oct 23, 2026

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§ 04

Questions

Who is Code Stoa for?

Engineers preparing for AI Engineering and System Design interviews, and engineers building real systems who want to know why things work, not just what to type. Both get the same thing: one topic, understood properly.

Is it free?

Yes. Every lesson, video and quiz is free. No paywalls, no pop-ups.

Do I need an account?

No, there's no sign-up. When you mark a lesson as done, that's saved in your browser only, so it stays on this device and nothing is sent to us.

What does each lesson include?

An animated, narrated video with captions, a written deep dive with callouts and key takeaways, code that is run in a sandbox before it's published, and a short quiz.

How are lessons made?

Each lesson starts from the author's own notes. Every claim is checked, every code example is run in a sandbox, and the author reviews and signs off on each lesson before it goes live.

How often do new lessons come out?

There's no fixed schedule: new lessons are added as they pass review. The RSS feed, linked in the footer, announces each one.

How do I get help or send feedback?

Email support@codestoa.com if something isn't working, like a video that won't play or a broken link. Email feedback@codestoa.com to report a mistake in a lesson or suggest a topic. The author reads every message.